"Dependence Automobile"

While the development of almost all major cities in North America is made based on major highways, an addiction is installed in companies. Some consider it a psychological dependence while others see it as an addiction to movement means practice. The consequences are numerous: urban congestion, air pollution, accidents increasing, increased cardiovascular disease because of a lack of physical practice, etc. This dependence is moreover reinforced by the "phenomenon of mom-taxi" because of the risks associated with growing city cars, mothers are forced to take their children voitures.

The notion of "automobile dependence" was popularized by Australian writers Peter Newman and Jeffrey Kenworthy in the book Cities and Automobile Dependence in 1979, in which they show the close relationship between the car and the city and state that the dependence the car is not applied to cities and motorists, that is to say that the structure of cities creates a dependency on the automobile. Gabriel Dupuy considers in turn the source of this dependence is based on a "virtuous circle inevitably linked to a vicious circle" users wishing to leave the "car system" can not, because it would give too much of avantages.

Several reasons for this dependence are advanced by the experts. The first is purely cultural, that users are not ready to give up their cars to the extent that it allows them "to live in the open air in houses" and not in congested cities. Georges Pompidou even says: "The French love their cars." From a socio-economic perspective, "the purchase of a vehicle is the standard of consumption". Following the entry into working life or foundation of a household, the user is offered a vehicle. Finally, some simply consider that the performance of the car are such that they are not equivalent in terms of sportiness, comfort or sécurité.